Kanatbek KOCOBAYEV

Article | 2020 | News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series of Geology and Technical Sciences440 ( 2 )

Hydrogeological maps are currently one of the most important elements of the image of the hydrogeological situation in both regional and local representation. In accordance with the existing instructions, they are compiled on the basis of t opographic, geological and tectonic maps of various scales based on the results of hydrogeological surveys and reflect the boundaries of the distribution of aquifers and complexes, confined, as a rule, to geological-stratigraphic and tectonic formations and their real manifestations on the ground (sources, wells, drilling wells). In addition to the General hydrogeological maps described above, sp . . .ecial hydrogeological maps and sections are compiled that reflect the individual sides of the hydrogeological process - maps of the depths of the groundwater level, maps of the filtration properties of the host rocks, maps of the water supply and the level of aquifers, maps of the chemical composition of groundwater and others. All the above-mentioned hydrogeological maps and sections are static and do not reflect the dynamics of the hydrogeological process in time. They only reflect on the geological and tectonic basis obtained during the hydrogeological survey process one-time field initial hydrogeological parameters (flow rates of individual sources and hydrogeological wells, the chemical composition and physical quality of groundwater, some hydrogeological parameters of aquifers). For these reasons, they can not serve as a benign basis for predicting the further development of the hydrogeological process. Forecast hydrogeological calculations based on such initial data are not characterized by high accuracy and reliability, usually not higher than 15-30%. In the present article on the basis of our own research we propose new principles and provide specific examples of building a fundamentally different type of hydrogeological maps that reflect the dynamics of the hydrogeological process in time, significantly increasing the accuracy and reliability of predictive hydrogeological calculations and hydrogeological-reclamation forecasts (up to 1-5%). Such maps are built on the basis of long-term monitoring data on the regime of groundwater and its chemical composition, pre-processed using mathematical methods of probability theory and the theory of random functions on the actual material typical for the South of Kazakhstan Tashutkul Irrigation massif. As a result, probabilistic hydrogeological maps of the position of groundwater levels, aquifer capacity, groundwater resources of varying degrees of security (5, 25, 50, etc.,%) were obtained. Received cards of various types of probability distribution and forecasting of hydro-geological process, etc. In such complex probabilistic hydrogeological maps are sufficiently benign basis for prediction of the hydrogeological-reclamation situation on irrigated tracts and can serve as a reliable basis for projecting the resource potential of the groundwater of certain regions and social formations More less

Zarlık MAYMEKOV

Article | 2020 | News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Series of Geology and Technical Sciences442 ( 4 )

The main objective of our study is to obtain a complex compound from natural adsorbents to purify wastewater with simultaneous sorption of chemical and microbiological substances contained therein, which contribute to disinfection and softening of water, increasing the degree of treated water saturation with calcium, magnesium salts and trace elements, while not requiring the use of sophisticated equipment. The technical result is to create a complex of adsorbents with the sorbing ability of chemical and microbiological pollution, disinfecting and softening water, enriching it with calcium ions, magnesium, sodium, potassium, as well . . . as trace elements.Keyword: Aluminosilicates; Heavy metals; Natural adsorbents; Purification; Sorption; Wate More less